Sun Microsystems VIRTUALBOX 3.0.0 Manuale Utente

Sun VirtualBoxRUser ManualVersion 3.0.0c 2004-2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.http://www.virtualbox.org

1 Introductionground, however, VirtualBox intercepts certain operations that the guest performs tomake sure that the guest does not interfere with oth

8 VBoxManage referenceWhen running VBoxManage without parameters or when supplying an invalid com-mand line, the below syntax diagram will be shown. N

8 VBoxManage reference[--biosbootmenu disabled|menuonly|messageandmenu][--biossystemtimeoffset <msec>][--biospxedebug on|off][--boot<1-4>

8 VBoxManage reference[--type gui|sdl|vrdp|headless]VBoxManage controlvm <uuid>|<name>pause|resume|reset|poweroff|savestate|acpipowerbutto

8 VBoxManage referenceVBoxManage convertfromraw <filename> <outputfile>[--format VDI|VMDK|VHD][--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX

8 VBoxManage reference[--remote yes|no] (null, VM filters only)[--serialnumber <string>|""][--maskedinterfaces <XXXXXXXX>]VBoxMa

8 VBoxManage reference8.1 VBoxManage listThe list command gives relevant information about your system and informationabout VirtualBox’s current setti

8 VBoxManage reference$ VBoxManage showvminfo "Windows XP"VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 3.0.0(C) 2005-2008 Sun Micros

8 VBoxManage reference8.4 VBoxManage createvmThis command creates a new XML virtual machine definition file.The --name <name> parameter is require

8 VBoxManage reference• --pae on|off: This enables/disables PAE (see chapter 3.7.2.2, “Processor” tab,page 48).• --hwvirtex on|off|default: This enabl

8 VBoxManage reference8.5.2 Storage settingsThe following storage settings are available through VBoxManage modifyvm:• --hd<a|b|d> none|<uuid

1 Introductionperformance of the guest code on your machine, we had to go through a lotof optimizations that are specific to certain operating systems.

8 VBoxManage reference• --floppy disabled|empty|<uuid>|<filename>|host:<drive>:This is the floppy equivalent to the --dvd option desc

8 VBoxManage reference• --intnet<1-N> network: If internal networking has been enabled for a vir-tual network card (see the --nic option above;

8 VBoxManage referenceshould be shared with the host; see chapter 3.7.1, General settings, page 46. Thisrequires that the Guest Additions be installed

8 VBoxManage referenceVBoxManage import WindowsXp.ovf --dry-runInterpreting WindowsXp.ovf...OK.Virtual system 0:0: Suggested OS type: "WindowsXP&

8 VBoxManage referenceVMDK. See chapter 3.8, Importing and exporting virtual machines, page 56 for an in-troduction to appliances.The export command i

8 VBoxManage reference8.9 VBoxManage controlvmThe controlvm subcommand allows you to change the state of a virtual machine thatis currently running. T

8 VBoxManage reference• dvdattach inserts a DVD image into the virtual machine or connects it to thehost DVD drive. With this command (as opposed to V

8 VBoxManage referenceNote: For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the “registerim-age” and “unregisterimage” commands are also suppor

8 VBoxManage referenceremember Keep the destination image registered after it was successfully written.Note: For compatibility with earlier versions o

8 VBoxManage referenceformat Allow to choose a file format for the output file different from the file formatof the input file.variant Allow to choose a fi

1 IntroductionThere are two ways in which VirtualBox can achieve virtualization: either entirelyin software or, with newer processors, using certain h

8 VBoxManage reference8.18 VBoxManage addiscsidiskThe addiscsidisk command attaches an iSCSI network storage unit to VirtualBox.The iSCSI target can t

8 VBoxManage reference8.19 VBoxManage getextradata/setextradataThese commands let you attach and retrieve string data to a virtual machine or to aVirt

8 VBoxManage reference8.21 VBoxManage usbfilter add/modify/removeThe usbfilter commands are used for working with USB filters in virtual machines,or glo

8 VBoxManage referenceMetric data is collected and retained internally; it may be retrieved at any time withthe VBoxManage metrics query subcommand. T

8 VBoxManage referenceNote: The query subcommand does not remove or “flush” retained data. Ifyou query often enough you will see how old samples are gr

8 VBoxManage referenceomitted, the property is deleted. With --flags you can optionally specify ad-ditional behavior (you can combine several by separ

8 VBoxManage reference• With --lowerip and --upperip, you can specify the lowest and highest IPaddress, respectively, that the DHCP server will hand o

9 Advanced topics9.1 VirtualBox configuration dataFor each system user, VirtualBox stores configuration data in the user’s home directory,as per the con

9 Advanced topicsmachine called “Fedora 6” would, by default, have its settings saved in.VirtualBox/Machines/Fedora 6/Fedora 6.xml. If you would likem

9 Advanced topicsNote: The VirtualBox GINA is implemented as a wrapper around the standardWindows GINA (MSGINA.DLL) so it will most likely not work co

1 IntroductionWarning: Do not run other hypervisors (open-source or commercial virtu-alization products) together with VirtualBox! While several hyper

9 Advanced topicsExternal authentication is the most flexible as the external handler can both chooseto grant access to everyone (like the “null” authe

9 Advanced topics• reverse the order of byte 6 and 7.Using this conversion you will get identical results when converting the binary UUIDto the string

9 Advanced topicsAdditions automatically provide the reduced video modes. Additionally, the VESABIOS has been adjusted to duplicate its standard mode

9 Advanced topics9.6 Multiple monitors for the guestVirtualBox allows the guest to use multiple virtual monitors. Up to sixty-four virtualmonitors are

9 Advanced topicsto the VBoxSDL main thread (first entry in the ps list). For example, when switchingaway to another VT and saving the virtual machine

9 Advanced topicsThis sets up a serial port in the guest with the default settings for COM1 (IRQ 4, I/Oaddress 0x3f8) and the Location setting assumes

9 Advanced topicsarbitrary ways without having to recreate the image file that gives access to the rawdisk.To create an image that represents an entire

9 Advanced topicsVirtualBox uses the same partition numbering as your Linux host. As a result, thenumbers given in the above example would refer to th

9 Advanced topics9.11 Allowing a virtual machine to start even withunavailable CD/DVD/floppy devicesWhen, on VM startup, a CD, DVD or floppy device is u

9 Advanced topicsVBoxManage setextradata "Linux Guest""VBoxInternal/Devices/pcnet/0/LUN#0/Config/NextServer" 10.0.2.2VBoxManage se

1 Introduction• Clean architecture; unprecedented modularity. VirtualBox has an extremelymodular design with well-defined internal programming interfac

9 Advanced topics9.12.5 Enabling DNS proxy in NAT modeFor resolving network names the DHCP server of the NAT engine offers a list of regis-tered DNS s

9 Advanced topics"Host BIOS Version"VBoxManage setextradata "My VM""VBoxInternal/Devices/pcbios/0/Config/DmiBIOSReleaseDate&q

9 Advanced topics9.16 Configuring the hard disk vendor product data(VPD)VirtualBox reports vendor product data for its virtual hard disks which consist

10 VirtualBox programminginterfacesVirtualBox comes with comprehensive support for third-party developers. The so-called “Main API” of VirtualBox expo

11 TroubleshootingThis chapter provides answers to commonly asked questions. In order to improve youruser experience with VirtualBox, it is recommende

11 Troubleshootingafter a certain amount of data has been written. This interval is normally infinite, butcan be configured individually for each disk o

11 Troubleshooting11.2 Windows guests11.2.1 Windows bluescreens after changing VM configurationOften, customers encounter Windows startup failures (the

11 TroubleshootingVBoxManage setextradata VMNAME"VBoxInternal/Devices/piix3ide/0/Config/IRQDelay" 1This sets the delay to one millisecond. I

11 Troubleshooting11.3.2 AMD Barcelona CPUsMost Linux-based guests will fail with AMD Phenoms or Barcelona-level Opterons dueto a bug in the Linux ker

11 Troubleshootingthe COM server might experience an internal error and subsequently other processesfail to initialize it. In these situations, it is

1 Introduction– Full ACPI support. The Advanced Configuration and Power Interface(ACPI) is fully supported by VirtualBox. This eases cloning of PC imag

11 Troubleshooting11.4.4 Running an iSCSI initiator and target on a single systemDeadlocks can occur on a Windows host when attempting to access an iS

11 Troubleshooting11.5.3 Linux host CD/DVD drive not found (older distributions)On older Linux distributions, if your CD/DVD device has a different na

11 Troubleshootingfor IDE CD/DVD writer units this must refer to the appropriate SCSI CD-ROM devicenode (e.g. /dev/scd0) if the ide-scsi kernel module

11 TroubleshootingReplace 85 with the group ID that matches your system (search /etc/group for “usb”or similar). Alternatively, if you don’t mind the

11 Troubleshootinga weird error message such as “failed to mount the root partition”), then you haveprobably run into a memory conflict of your kernel

12 Change logThis section summarizes the changes between VirtualBox versions. Note that thischange log is not exhaustive; not all changes are listed.V

12 Change log• VMM: some Windows guests detected a completely wrong CPU frequency (bug#2227)• VMM: fixed hanging and unkillable VM processes (bug #4040

12 Change log• VHD: fixed crash when discarding snapshots of a VHD image• VHD: fixed access beyond the block bitmap which could lead to arbitrary crashe

12 Change log• Web service: fixed inability to handle NULL pointers for object arguments, whichare valid values for a lot of APIs, in both the raw and

12 Change log• OVF: fixed potential crashes during import/export on Win64 hosts• VBoxManage modifyhd --compact: fixed bug which could lead to crashesand

1 Introduction1.4 Supported host operating systemsCurrently, VirtualBox is available for the following host operating systems:• Windows hosts:– Window

12 Change log12.3 Version 2.2.2 (2009-04-27)This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or added:• Host and guest clipboard: fixed

12 Change log• VBoxManage modifyhd --compact: implemented again for VDI files, andnow supports relative paths (bug #2180, #2833)• VBoxManage snapshot d

12 Change log• Shared Folders for Solaris and OpenSolaris guests• OpenGL 3D acceleration for Linux and Solaris guests (see chapter 4.8, Hardware3D acc

12 Change log• USB: further reduced host CPU utilization for OHCI and EHCI; the “VBoxInternal/Devices/usb-ohci/0/Config/FrameRate” CFG key is no longer

12 Change log• VBoxManage: big command line processing cleanup, the legacy single-dash op-tions are deprecated and will be removed in the next major r

12 Change log12.5 Version 2.1.4 (2009-02-16)This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or added:• Windows hosts: fixed host crash

12 Change log• NAT: fixed occasional crashes when the guest is doing traceroute (non-Windowshosts; bug #3200)• NAT: fixed crashes under high load (bug #

12 Change log12.6 Version 2.1.2 (2009-01-21)This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or added:• USB: Linux host support fixes (

12 Change log• VGA: significant performance improvements when using VT-x/AMD-V on MacOS X hosts• VGA: better handling for VRAM offset changes (fixes GRU

12 Change log• VBoxManage convertfromraw: added parameter checking and made it de-fault to creating VDI files; fixed and documented format parameter (bu

1 Introduction1.5 Supported guest operating systemsSince VirtualBox is designed to provide a generic virtualization environment for x86systems, it may

12 Change log• Linux Additions: fixed bug which prevented to properly set fmode on mappedshared folders (bug #1776)• Linux Additions: fixed appending of

12 Change log• VMM: Solaris and OpenSolaris guest performance improvements for AMD-V(Barcelona family CPUs only)• VMM: fixed guru meditation while runn

12 Change log• Graphics: fixed handling of a guest video memory which is not a power of two(bug #2724)• VBoxManage: fixed bug which prevented setting up

12 Change log• Networking: fixed issue where a VM could lose connectivity after a reboot• Linux hosts: fixed occasional kernel oopses (bug #2556)• Solar

12 Change log• Linux hosts: fixed assertion on high network load (AMD64 hosts, fix for Linuxdistributions with glibc 2.6 and newer (bug #616)• Linux hos

12 Change log• VHD: fixed bug which prevents booting from VHD images bigger than 4GB (bug#2085)• VRDP: fixed a repaint problem when the guest resolution

12 Change log12.11 Version 2.0.2 (2008-09-12)This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or added:• VMM: fixed inability to run mo

12 Change log• VRDP: allow a client to reconnect to an existing session on the VRDP serverby dropping the existing connection (configurable and disable

12 Change log12.12 Version 2.0.0 (2008-09-04)This version is a major update. The following major new features were added:• 64 bits guest support (64 b

12 Change log12.13 Version 1.6.6 (2008-08-26)This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or added:• VMM: fixed excessive logging (

1 Introduction1.6 64-bit guestsStarting with Version 2.0, VirtualBox also supports 64-bit guest operating systems.Starting with Version 2.1, you can e

12 Change log• Windows Additions: fixed bug when creating intermediate directories (bug#1870)• Windows Additions: implemented /xres=, /yres= and /depth

12 Change log• VRDP: fixed enabling the RDP server during runtime• VRDP: properly detect the rdesktop 1.6.0 RDP client• VRDP: fixed RDP crash (bug #1521

12 Change log12.15 Version 1.6.2 (2008-05-28)This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or added:• GUI: fixed a bug which prevent

12 Change log• Internal Networking: fixed shutdown if more than two VMs are connected to thesame network• BIOS: allow to change the DMI information (se

12 Change log• SATA hard disk (AHCI) controller (see chapter 5.1, Hard disk controllers: IDE,SATA (AHCI), SCSI, page 75)• Experimental Physical Addres

12 Change log• Shared Folders: many bugfixes to improve stability• Seamless windows: added support for Linux guests• Linux installer: support DKMS for

12 Change log• VMM: under heavy guest activity, for example when copying files to/from ashared folder, the VM could crash with an assertion• VMM: added

12 Change log• Linux installer: fixed Slackware detection regression• Linux installer: updated VBoxTunctl allowing to assign a tap device to a groupon

12 Change log• VMM: fixed code for overriding CPUID values• VMM: improved error handling on out-of-memory conditions• API: don’t crash when trying to c

12 Change log• Clipboard: fixed a SEGFAULT on VM exit (Linux host)• Clipboard: fixed a buffer overflow (Linux host)• Shared Folders: fixed memory leaks• L

2 InstallationAs installation of VirtualBox varies depending on your host operating system, we pro-vide installation instructions in four separate cha

12 Change log• GUI: fixed DirectDraw mode with certain video cards (e.g. Intel i915)• GUI: fixed incorrect guest resolution after leaving fullscreen mod

12 Change log• IDE: large reads from CD could exceed the I/O buffer size• Audio: load ALSA dynamically on Linux (i.e. do not fail when ALSA is notpres

12 Change logIn addition, the following items were fixed and/or added:• GUI: sometimes two mouse cursors were visible when Windows guest Additionsbecam

12 Change log• VMM: fixed crashes if memory allocation failed (Linux)• VMM: fixed enabling of Local APIC on AMD hosts (fixed Ubuntu Feisty installa-tion

12 Change log• Guest Additions: Linux guests shipping Xorg 1.3 (e.g. Fedora 7, Ubuntu Gutsy)are now supported• Guest Additions: added DirectDraw suppo

12 Change log• VMM: fixed issues with V86 mode• VMM: support V86 extensions (VME)• VMM: support guests with a full GDT• VMM: fixed boot hangs for some L

12 Change log• NAT: pass first entry in DNS search list (Linux host) or primary DNS suffix (Win-dows host) as domain name in DHCP• NAT: support UDP broa

12 Change log• Linux Additions: make VBox version visible in Linux modules with modinfo• Linux Additions: make X11 guest video driver accept arbitrary

12 Change log• Audio: fixed crashes on Vista hosts• NAT: allow configuration of incoming connections (aka port mapping)• Network: hard reset network dev

12 Change log12.24 Version 1.3.4 (2007-02-12)• General: fixed unresolved symbol issue on Windows 2000 hosts• General: added warnings at VirtualBox star

Contents1 Introduction 91.1 Virtualization basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.2 Software vs. hardware virtualization

2 InstallationNetworking This package contains extra networking drivers for your Windows hostthat VirtualBox needs to support Host Interface Networkin

12 Change log• Network: fixed IRQ conflict causing occasional major slowdowns with XP guests• Network: significantly improved send performance• Audio: ad

12 Change log• VMM: significant performance improvements for Linux 2.6 guests• VMM: performance improvements for Windows guests• Network: fixed issues w

12 Change log• VMM: experimental support for IBM OS/2 Warp (requires VT-x to be enabled)• USB: added support for isochronous transfers (webcams, audio

12 Change log12.29 Version 1.1.10 (2006-07-28)• IDE: added workaround for Acronis TrueImage (violates IDE specification)• IDE: resolved issues with cer

12 Change log• VBoxManage: made VRDP authentication configurable• VDI: added workaround against possible Windows host deadlocks caused by asynchronizat

12 Change log• VRDP: added client authentication through external authentication libraries(WinLogon and PAM interfaces are provided as sample code)• V

12 Change log• VMM: fixed random user mode crashes with OpenBSD guests• VMM: increased timing accuracy (PIT, RTC), reduced PIT query overhead• VMM: tam

12 Change log12.34 Version 1.0.50 (2005-12-16)Note: Guest Additions have to be updated• VMM: added support for OpenBSD guests• VMM: fixed a memory leak

12 Change log• GUI: allow creation and assignment of disk images in the New VM wizard.• USB: fixed high CPU load on certain Linux distributions• VBoxSD

12 Change log• Graphics/Additions/GUI: added dynamic resizing support• Graphics: added workaround for buggy VESA support in Windows Vista/Longhorn• VR

2 Installation2.2.2 UninstallationTo uninstall VirtualBox, open the disk image (dmg) file again and double-click on theuninstall icon contained therein

12 Change log• VBoxManage: restructured commands, added numerous improvements• GUI: propagate hostkey change to all running instances• GUI: perform im

12 Change log• GUI: added detailed error information dialogs• GUI: special handling of inaccessible media• API: better error message handling, provide

12 Change log• VMM: fixed several crashes and hangs while installing certain builds of Windows2000 and XP• VMM: allow guests to have more than 512MB of

13 Known limitationsThe following section describes some issues that are known not to work in VirtualBox3.0.0. Unless marked otherwise these issues ar

13 Known limitations– OVA archives (TAR containers) are not yet supported.– Remote files via HTTP or other mechanisms are not yet supported.• Host-only

13 Known limitations– No ACPI information (battery status, power source) is reported to the guest.– No support for using wireless with bridged network

14 Third-party licensesVirtualBox incorporates materials from several Open Source software projects. There-fore the use of these materials by VirtualB

14 Third-party licenses• VirtualBox may contain NSPR and XPCOM which is governed by the license inchapter 14.2.3, Mozilla Public License (MPL), page 2

14 Third-party licenses• VirtualBox may contain code from the gSOAP XML web services tools, which arelicensed under the license in chapter 14.2.13, gS

14 Third-party licensessource code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use piecesof it in new free programs; and that yo

2 InstallationThe VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when youinstall VirtualBox. To maintain it with future kernel upd

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14 Third-party licensesother pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Libraryat all. For example, if a patent license w

2 Installation2. The kernel of your Linux host got updated. In that case, the kernel module willneed to be reinstalled by executing (as root):/etc/ini

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2 Installationsudo /etc/init.d/vboxdrv setupThis will start a second attempt to build the module.If a suitable kernel module was found in the package

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2 InstallationAfter that you need to put every user which should be able to use VirtualBox in thegroup vboxusers, either through the GUI user manageme

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14 Third-party licenses14.2.14.3 COPYRIGHT.REDHAT fileThis Chromium distribution contains information and code which is covered under thefollowing noti

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15 VirtualBox privacy policyPolicy version 1.3, June 29, 2009This privacy policy sets out how Sun Microsystems, Inc. (“Sun”) treats personalinformatio

15 VirtualBox privacy policy§ 6 Updates. Sun may update this privacy policy by posting a new version on thewebsite. You should check this page occasio

GlossaryAACPI Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, an industry specification for BIOSand hardware extensions to configure PC hardware and perform

GlossaryCCOM Microsoft Component Object Model, a programming infrastructure for modularsoftware. COM allows applications to provide application progra

GlossaryiSCSI Internet SCSI; see chapter 5.5, iSCSI servers, page 80.MMAC Media Access Control, a part of an Ethernet network card. A MAC addressis a

Glossarywhich data is transferred in both directions. Typically graphics updates and au-dio are sent from the remote machine and keyboard and mouse in

GlossaryXXML The eXtensible Markup Language, a metastandard for all kinds of textual infor-mation. XML only specifies how data in the document is organ

2 Installationmake installThe VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above makecommand will tell you how to create the device no

2 Installationsudo ./VirtualBox.run uninstallor as root./VirtualBox.run uninstall. Starting with version 2.2.2, you can uninstall the .run package by

2 Installation2.3.5 Starting VirtualBox on LinuxThe easiest way to start a VirtualBox program is by running the program of your choice(VirtualBox, VBo

2 InstallationFuture versions of OpenSolaris may ship the VirtualBox kernel interface module, inwhich case you can remove this one before upgrading Op

Contents3.4.2 Changing removable media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.4.3 Saving the state of the machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 Installation2.4.4 Unattended installationTo perform a non-interactive installation of VirtualBox we have provided a responsefile named autoresponse t

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxAs already mentioned in chapter 1.1, Virtualization basics, page 9, VirtualBox allowsyou to run each of your guest opera

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxgroup of your “Applications” menu. Alternatively, you can type VirtualBox ina terminal.A window like the following shoul

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxOn the following pages, the wizard will ask you for the bare minimum of informationthat is needed to create a VM, in par

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxNote: Choose this setting carefully! The memory you give to the VM willnot be available to your host OS while the VM is

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxThe wizard allows you to create an image file or use an existing one. Note alsothat the disk images can be separated from

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxmuch more space, a fixed-size file incurs less overhead and is thereforeslightly faster than a dynamically expanding file.F

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxVM settings after installing a guest operating system, certain changes might prevent aguest operating system from functi

3 Starting out with VirtualBox• If you have downloaded installation media from the Internet in the form of anISO image file (most probably in the case

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxin the window, as can be seen with the image in chapter 1.1, Virtualization basics, page9.In general, you can use the vi

Contents5.5 iSCSI servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805.5.1 Access iSCSI targets via Internal Networking . . .

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxTo release keyboard ownership, press the Host key (as explained above, typicallythe right Control key).Note that while t

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxintercepted by the host operating system and therefore always switch terminalson the host.If, instead, you want to send

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxThe difference between these three options is crucial. They mean:• Save the machine state: With this option, VirtualBox

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxOnce you have set up the machine the way you want it, simply take a snapshot, andshould anything happen to the installat

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxThe Disk Image Manager shows you all images that are currently registered withVirtualBox, conveniently grouped in three

3 Starting out with VirtualBox• remove an image from the registry (and optionally delete the image file whendoing so);• “release” an image, that is, de

3 Starting out with VirtualBox3.7.1 General settingsIn the Settings window, under “General”, you can configure the most fundamentalaspects of the virtu

3 Starting out with VirtualBox3.7.1.3 “Description” tabHere you can enter any description for your virtual machine, if you want. This has noeffect of

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxEnable ACPI VirtualBox can present the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface(ACPI) to the guest operating system for

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxIn addition, the “Enable PAE/NX” setting determines whether the PAE and NX capa-bilities of the host CPU will be exposed

Contents8.14 VBoxManage createhd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1178.15 VBoxManage modifyhd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxcomes with Microsoft Windows (typically found under “Accessories” -> “Com-munication” -> “Remote Desktop Connectio

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxlifetime. You may, however, freely remove, add and exchange virtual hard drives afterthe machine has been set up. For ex

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxNote: The identification string of the drive provided to the guest (which, inthe guest, would be displayed by configuratio

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxIn most cases, this default setup will work fine for you.However, VirtualBox is extremely flexible in how it can virtualiz

3 Starting out with VirtualBox• You can elect to have the virtual serial port “disconnected”, which meansthat the guest will see it as hardware, but i

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxNote:1. Be careful with USB devices that are currently in use on the host! Forexample, if you allow your guest to connec

3 Starting out with VirtualBox3. Remote. This setting specifies whether the device will be local only, or remoteonly (over VRDP), or either.On a Window

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxOVF is a cross-platform standard supported by many virtualization products whichallows for creating ready-made virtual m

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxThis presents the virtual machines described in the OVF file and allows you to changethe virtual machine settings by doub

3 Starting out with VirtualBoxNote: OVF cannot describe every feature that VirtualBox provides for virtualmachines. For example, snapshot information

Contents11 Troubleshooting 14411.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14411.1.1 Collecting debugging info

4 Guest AdditionsThe previous chapter covered getting started with VirtualBox and installing operatingsystems in a virtual machine. For any serious an

4 Guest AdditionsFor Linux and Solaris guests, the Xorg server version 1.3 or later is required forautomatic resizing (the feature has been disabled o

4 Guest Additions• Microsoft Windows Server 2003 (any service pack)• Microsoft Windows Vista (all editions)• Microsoft Windows 7 BetaGenerally, it is

4 Guest Additions4.2.1.2 Running the installerUnless you have the Autostart feature disabled in your Windows guest, Win-dows will now autostart the Vi

4 Guest Additions4.2.4 Manual file extractionIf you would like to install the files and drivers manually, you can extract the files fromthe Windows Guest

4 Guest Additions• Ubuntu 5.10, 6.06, 7.04, 7.10, 8.04, 8.10 and 9.04.Other distributions may work if they are based on comparable software releases.T

4 Guest Additionssh ./VBoxAdditions.run helpfor more information.To recompile the guest kernel modules, use this command:/etc/init.d/vboxadd setupAfte

4 Guest Additions4.4 Solaris Guest AdditionsLike the Windows Guest Additions, the VirtualBox Guest Additions for Solaris take theform of a set of devi

4 Guest Additions4.4.3 Updating the Solaris Guest AdditionsThe Guest Additions should be updated by first uninstalling the existing Guest Ad-ditions an

4 Guest AdditionsVBoxManage sharedfolder add "VM name"--name "sharename" --hostpath "C:\test"There are two types of shar

Contents12.10Version 2.0.4 (2008-10-24) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17412.11Version 2.0.2 (2008-09-12) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 Guest Additions$iduid=5000(jack) gid=1(other)$mkdir /export/home/jack/mount$pfexec mount -F vboxfs -o uid=5000,gid=1 jackshare /export/home/jack/mou

4 Guest AdditionsTo enable seamless mode, after starting the virtual machine, press the Host key (nor-mally the right control key) together with “L”.

4 Guest Additions• OpenGL on Linux requires kernel 2.6.27 and higher as well as X.org serverversion 1.5 and higher. Ubuntu 8.10 and Fedora 10 have bee

4 Guest AdditionsIn addition to establishing the general mechanism of reading and writing values, aset of predefined guest properties is automatically

4 Guest AdditionsName: /VirtualBox/GuestAdd/Components/VBoxSF.sys, value: 3.0.0r40720,timestamp: 1229098279893056000, flags:Name: /VirtualBox/GuestAdd

5 Virtual storageAs the virtual machine will most probably expect to see a hard disk built into its virtualcomputer, VirtualBox must be able to presen

5 Virtual storageCD-ROM/DVD drive, this leaves you with up to three virtual hard disks that youcan attach to a virtual machine’s IDE controller.So eve

5 Virtual storageTo enable the SATA controller, on the “Hard Disks” page of a virtual machine’ssettings dialog, check the “Enable Additional Controlle

5 Virtual storage• Finally, VirtualBox also fully supports the VHD format used by Microsoft.Irrespective of the disk format, as briefly mentioned in ch

5 Virtual storagewhich VirtualBox creates automatically when the VM starts. The next time theVM is started, the differencing image is reset so that ev

Contents14.2.7 Slirp license . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23914.2.8 liblzf license . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 Virtual storage5.4 Cloning disk imagesYou can duplicate hard disk image files on the same host to quickly produce a secondvirtual machine with the sa

5 Virtual storagewhich uses such an iSCSI target is done as described above. The only difference is thatthe IP address of the target must be specified

6 Virtual networkingAs briefly mentioned in chapter 3.7.7, Network settings, page 52, VirtualBox providesup to eight virtual PCI Ethernet cards for eac

6 Virtual networkingVirtualBox has limited support for so-called jumbo frames, i.e. networking packetswith more than 1500 bytes of data, provided that

6 Virtual networking6.3 “Not attached” modeWhen a virtual network card’s mode is set to “Not attached”, VirtualBox reports to theguest that a network

6 Virtual networkingTo an application on the host or other physical (or virtual) machines on the network,it looks as though the service being proxied

6 Virtual networkingICMP protocol limitations: Some frequently used network debugging tools (e.g.ping or tracerouting) rely on the ICMP protocol for s

6 Virtual networkingNote: Even though TAP is no longer necessary on Linux with bridged network-ing, you can still use TAP interfaces for certain advan

6 Virtual networking6.6 Internal networkingInternal Networking is similar to bridged networking in that the VM can directly com-municate with the outs

6 Virtual networking6.7 Host-only networkingHost-only networking is another networking mode that was added with version 2.2of VirtualBox. It can be th

1 IntroductionSun VirtualBox is a collection of powerful virtual machine tools, targeting desktopcomputers, enterprise servers and embedded systems. W

7 Alternative front-ends; remotevirtual machines7.1 IntroductionAs briefly mentioned in chapter 1.3, Features overview, page 13, VirtualBox has a veryfl

7 Alternative front-ends; remote virtual machines7.2 Using VBoxManage to control virtual machinesThis section will give you a brief introduction to VB

7 Alternative front-ends; remote virtual machines$ VBoxManage createvm --name "SUSE 10.2" --registerVirtualBox Command Line Management Inter

7 Alternative front-ends; remote virtual machinesTo start a virtual machine with VBoxSDL instead of the VirtualBox GUI, enter thefollowing on a comman

7 Alternative front-ends; remote virtual machineshosts the default RDP port (3389) could be already used by the Windows RDP server,in this case you sh

7 Alternative front-ends; remote virtual machinesNote that when you use VBoxHeadless to start a VM, the built-in VRDP server willalways be enabled, re

7 Alternative front-ends; remote virtual machines3. Create a virtual hard disk for the VM (in this case, 10GB in size) and register itwith VirtualBox:

7 Alternative front-ends; remote virtual machines7.4.3 Remote USBAs a special feature on top of the VRDP support, VirtualBox supports remote USBdevice

7 Alternative front-ends; remote virtual machines– On Linux hosts, VRDPAuth.so authenticates users against the host’s PAMsystem.– On Windows hosts, VR

7 Alternative front-ends; remote virtual machines7.4.6 VRDP multiple connectionsThe VirtualBox built-in RDP server supports simultaneous connections t